• In 1977, the International Organization for standardization (ISO)created the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model.
• OSI Layer is meant for Networking manufacturers and developers to provide them a standard based on which they can make their products.
• All OSI Layers are independent from each other, which makes introducing changes easier as no other layers are effected.
The Layered Approach
• A reference model is a conceptual blueprint of how communications should take place. It addresses all the processes required for effective communication and divides these processes into logical groupings called layers
• When a communication system is designed in this manner, it’s known as layered architecture.
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